Wirecard Turmoils

Creditors of German digital payment processor Wirecard, which advertised "Beyond Payments," may find that the company's debts are beyond payment. Wirecard also proved that accounting fraud is unfortunately worldwide when it filed for bankruptcy yesterday. The company said that €1.9 billion ($2.1 billion) in cash that was on its balance sheet probably never existed in the first place. Now, things have gotten bad for the company's auditors as the German shareholder association SdK announced that it had filed a criminal complaint against the company's auditor Ernst & Young (EY). SoftBank, a major investor, also announced that it planned to file against EY. In its defense, EY stated there were "clear indications that this was an elaborate and sophisticated fraud, involving multiple parties around the world at different institutions, with a deliberate aim of deception" and that "even the most robust and extended audit procedures" were not enough to uncover the fraud.

Day Trading For Profit?

In our opinion, a negative financial outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic is the rise of day trading. Dave Portnoy, the CEO of Barstool Sports, has named himself "Davey Day Trader" and helped popularize day trading. And although not all are day trading accounts, Robinhood added 3 million accounts during the first quarter of 2020. One new investor, a 20-year old from Nebraska, tragically committed suicide after his account balance showed a loss of over $700,000. In fact, his account balance may have only been temporary until trades settled. It is important to note that short-term investors tend to do worse than longer term investors, and for day traders, the success rate is less than 10 percent, with only 1 percent or so who really make money. We do believe that investing is worthwhile, but do your research, diversify, and make longer term decisions.

Hertz SEO

We had previously discussed the Hertz bankruptcy filing. In an indication that the current economic conditions caused by the COVID-19 lockdown are unique, Hertz is planning a secondary stock offering while in bankruptcy. An SEO in the middle of a bankruptcy filing has never been attempted before. The company has warned prospective shareholders that it is unlikely that they will receive anything in bankruptcy, and barring a rapid improvement in the company's prospects, will almost certainly be wiped out. Based on the current stock price, Hertz hopes to raise $500 million. Hertz currently owes about $2.3 billion. This is certainly an SEO we are not trying to jump in line to buy.

Misunderstood Dividends

As we have stressed in the textbook, an investor should be indifferent between dividends and capital gains. And, in a world with higher taxes on dividends than on capital gains, investors should prefer capital gains. A recent WSJ article discusses the fact that many investors prefer dividends. In fact, the British Investment Association, which represents investment managers in the UK, argued that companies should not reduce dividends. It is surprising that professional investment managers would have such a strong view on high dividends. The preference for high dividends also appears to affect corporate finance as well. One survey mentioned in the article finds that about two-thirds of CFOs admit they would forego profitable projects if undertaking these projects would result in a dividend cut.

Book Value Versus Market Value

Rental car giant Hertz recently filed for bankruptcy. The bankruptcy is for the rental car company, while Hertz Vehicle Financing, which owns and finances the purchases of vehicles, is not included in the bankruptcy. While we will discuss bankruptcy later in the text, this filing does allow us to show the difference between book values and market values, a concept that can cause confusion for students. The 6th full paragraph of an article about the bankruptcy states:  

"A major factor in the timing of the bankruptcy filing was the $389.5 million monthly lease payment that included an additional $135 million "true-up" payment for difference between the depreciated value compared to the book depreciated value."

If you read this carefully, the timing of the bankruptcy was chosen because Hertz car rental could not make the additional payment of $135 million to account for the difference between the book value and market value of the cars it leased from Hertz Vehicle Financing. In other words, the combined market value of the cars leased by Hertz car rental was $135 million less than book value. 

Warner Music's IPO

Warner Music Group has announced that it will continue with its IPO. The company plans to offer 70 million shares at a price of $23 to $26 per share, which would raise about $12.5 billion. An interesting part of the IPO is that all of the funds raised in the IPO will go to current shareholders and the company will receive no cash. Additionally, Access Industries, the current majority shareholder, will retain more than more 99 percent of the voting rights.

Good News For Student Borrowers

If you have a student loan, there is good news. The interest rate on new undergraduate student loans has fallen from 4.53 percent to a record low of 2.75 percent. This means that the monthly payment on a $10,000 loan repaid over 10 years will fall from $103.78 per month to $95.41 per month. For graduate students, the interest rate has fallen from 6.08 percent to 4.3 percent, which will drop the monthly payments on the same $10,000 loan from $111.42 to $102.68.